CONDITIONS TREATED

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

FAQ's

FAQ about Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

  • A condition where pelvic veins become enlarged and congested, causing chronic pelvic pain.
  • Often linked to faulty vein valves and hormonal changes, especially post-pregnancy.
  • Also known as pelvic venous insufficiency or pelvic varices.
  • Dull, aching pelvic pain lasting >6 months.
  • Pain worsens when standing, improves when lying down.
  • Pain during/after intercourse.
  • Heaviness or pressure in pelvis, lower back ache.
  • Visible varicose veins on vulva, buttocks, or thighs.
  • Possible urinary or bowel irritability.
  • Women aged 20–45, especially with multiple pregnancies.
  • Those with leg or vulvar varicose veins.
  • Pre-menopausal women (due to oestrogen influence).
  • Women with unexplained chronic pelvic pain.
  • Pelvic ultrasound with Doppler (first-line).
  • MRI or CT scan for clearer vein mapping.
  • Diagnostic venogram (gold standard; often paired with treatment in the same sitting).
  • Exclude other causes like endometriosis or fibroids.
  • Conservative: NSAIDs, hormone therapy, lifestyle changes.
  • Definitive: Ovarian vein embolisation (minimally invasive, high success rate).
  • Rarely: Surgical vein ligation or hysterectomy (for refractory cases).
  • Light activity in 1–2 days; most resume normal activities within a week.
  • Symptom relief may take 4–12 weeks to fully manifest.
  • May contribute to subfertility, but many women conceive successfully.
  • Embolisation is uterus- and ovary-sparing.
  • Pregnancy after treatment is possible.
  • If pelvic pain is persistent, unexplained, worsens with standing, or coexists with varicose veins.
  • If initial gynaecology or ultrasound workups are normal.
  • Referring GPs/OBGYNs should consider vascular referral when PCS is suspected.
  • Gynaecologists
  • Vascular surgeons
  • Multidisciplinary care is often ideal.

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